تحليلي تطبيقي بر تفكر انقلابي امام خميني(ره)، آيت الله خالصي زاده و جريان فداييان اسلام

A Comparative Analysis on Imam Khomeini’s Revolutionary thought, Ayatollah Khalesizade and process of Fadayan-e Islam

شيوه انديشيدن درباره حكومت در هر جامعه يكي از موضوعات قابل تأمل براي انديشه ورزان حوزه سياست است به طوريكه مي تواند مبنايي براي بديهي يا غيربديهي قلمداد كردن هر حكومت از يك سو و تعيين شكل و سياق ابراز مخالفت عليه آن از سوي ديگر قلمداد شود. به ديگر سخن، نوع تصور حكومت و پرسش هاي جدي درباره مطلوبيت آن، از جمله موضوعات اساسي در بررسي تفكر انقلابي يا اصلاحي مخالفان هر نظام سياسي قلمداد مي شود. بنابراين، اتخاذ هر گونه روشي در برخورد با نظام سياسي مسلط مبتني بر تلقي نيروهاي مخالف از حكومت است. نوشتار پيش رو بر آن است تا در چارچوب مفهوم حكومتمندي فوكو به ارزيابي تفاوت ميان تفكر انقلابي امام خميني(ره) با رويكرد آيت الله خالصي زاده؛ و نيز جريان فداييان اسلام بپردازد و نشان دهد كه اساس اسلام سياسي دهه 1320 را نمي توان جرياني يكدست در نظر گرفت كه به شكل واحدي در مورد حكومت پهلوي انديشيده يا استراتژي انقلابي خود را تعريف كرده است. پرسش اصلي آن است كه تفكر انقلابي امام(ره)، چه تفاوتي با تفكر برخي جريانات ديگر انقلابي زمانه خود در دهه بيست مانند آيت الله خالصي زاده و جريان فداييان اسلام دارد؟ فرضيه مقاله آن است كه نوآوري تفكر انقلابي مبتني بر صورت بندي خِرَد جديد حكومتي در نفي سلطنت، توانست حتي بر خلاف دو جريان اصلاحيِ خالصي زاده و افراطيِ فداييان و بر خلاف سنت مقبوليت سلطنت، از نظام تاريخي سلطنتي مشروعيت زدايي نمايد.روش مقاله توصيفي - تحليلي و مبتني بر اسناد كتابخانه اي (اسناد وآرشيو تاريخي مستند و معتبر) در دسترس است.

Any type of thinking about government in any society is such an important case of cocern for political thinkers, which determines evitableness or inevitableness of a government establishment in one hand, and method of expressing opposition against it on the other. Put in other words, when we study revolutionary or reformational thought of opposition gropus, the type of mentality of government and serious questions about its legitimacy, is considered as a fundamental issue. In other words, this mentality has a determinant impact on reformational or revolutionary manner of opposition gropus against political system. Consequently, this means taking any method of opposition against political system is based on oppotistion gropus mentality of the government. This article, in the framework of Foucault concept of “Govern mentality”, would try to explain initiation of Imam Khomeini thought about revolution in comparison to Ayatollah Khalesizade and Fadayan-e Islam manner in their infronatation with government.Therefore, the article would emphasize that this difference indicates lack of unity and solidarity among Islamic political opposition groups against Pahlavi regime at 1320’s and hence, no unity and solidarity is observable among Islamic revolutionary groups in their manner towards surveillant government. The main question of the article is that what difference or differenes is imaginable between Imam Khomeini’s revolutionary thought in one hand, and Ayatollah Khalesizade and process of Fadayan-e Islam revolutionary thought on the other. In response to this important question, the main hypothesis of the article is that Imam definition of Isalm relation with politics and government; and his impact on new formation of governmental rationality have been contributed to emergence of new revolutionary though differed from Khalesizade and Fadayan-e Islam approach to monarchy as an old, historical and legitimate system and therefore delegitimate monarchical political system. The article utilizes of library documents, especially historical, valid and accessible documents.