تعيين رابطه ميان ويژگي هاي شخصيتي، خلاقيت و خود شكوفايي در دانشجويان رشتۀ طراحي صنعتي: نقش تفاوت جنسيتي

Relationship between Personality Traits, Creativity, and Self-Actualization among Students of Industrial Design: Role of Gender Differences

هدف از انجام اين تحقيق پي بردن به رابطه ميان برخي از متغيرهاي بنيادين در آموزش هنر نظير ويژگي هاي شخصيتي، خلاقيت و خودشكوفايي با در نظر گرفتن تفاوت هاي جنسيتي بوده است تا از اين طريق بتوان با شناخت از وجود رابطه ميان متغيرهاي تحقيق كيفيت و بهره وري آموزشي را در فرآيند سياست گذاري هاي مربوطه و اتخاذ روش هاي كارآمد، ارتقاء بخشيد. دانشجويان رشته طراحي صنعتي هر چهار سال تحصيلي از ميان دانشجويان دانشگاه هنر اصفهان و داننشكده هنرهاي زيباي دانشگاه تهران بصورت غيرتصادفي در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارهاي مورد استفاده در تحقيق عبارنتد از: ابزار سنجش خلاقيت آزمون تفكر خلاق تورنس؛ آزمون پنج عاملي ويژگي هاي شخصيتي؛ ابزار خودشكوفايي استعداد . جهت تحليل همبستگي در نرم افزار اس پي اس اس از ابزار پيرسون استفاده شد. روش پژوهش از نوع تحقيق همبستگي بر اساس نمونه گيري از بستر كيفي و تبديل داده ها به صورت نتايج كمي در قالب ساختار آمار تحليلي (استنباطي) مي باشد. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان مي دهد كه ميان دانشجويان پسر و دختر تفاوت هاي اندكي وجود دارد، بدين صورت كه تنها تفاوت ميان دانشجويان پسر و دختر بين ويژگي هاي شخصيتي با خلاقيت در عامل روان آزرده خوبي است. همچنين تنها تفاوت ميان دو گروه بين شاخص خلاقيت و خود شكوفايي در وظيفه شناسي است. درنهايت، بين شاخص هاي خلاقيت با خود شكوفايي ميان دانشجويان دختر و پسر تفاوت وجود ندارد.

The main concern of conducting this study is basic needs for awareness of relationships between some fundamental variables within Art education like personality traits, creativity, and self-actualization with regarding gender differences to enhance quality of educational efficiency through the process of relevant policy making and applying efficient methods. After searching many databases around the world, it was not found parallel researches to cover our concerns; as a result, this study is literally a brand new of its kind which has focused on correlations between fundamental variables to enhance our educational understanding. Total Industrial design students of all four academic years from Art University were selected on the basis of nonprobability sampling which include of 49 female students and 43 male students and in total 92 students. Questionnaires which were used in this study included: The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) selected as instrument for the measurement of Creativity: Fluency, Flexibility, Originality, and Elaboration; (NEO-FFI) selected as instrument for the measurement of five factors on personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness; the measure of actualization of potentials (MAP) was selected to measure Self-actualization: Openness, openness to self, openness to others, openness to others, Self-reference, Compatibility, Autonomy. These three measurements distributed at the end of second semester within classes among all students of four academic years in the field of Industrial design and dedicated 45 minutes to fulfill all questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the purpose of statistical analysis. The current study is seeking to find answer for this question what kind of relationships could be between personality traits with creativity; personality traits with self-actualization; creativity with self-actualization among students of Industrial design and the other also what kind of differences could be between male and female students. Findings show that there are few differences among male and female students therefore the only difference was found within Neuroticism scale in correlation of personality traits with creativity this while Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness could not make relationship with creativity but Openness could make relationship with creativity positively with intensity of strong correlation among both male and female students; the other findings show that Conscientiousness scale in the relationship between personality traits with Self-actualization is the only significant correlation with intensity of moderate among female students. Also, there was not found any differences among male and female students in correlation of Creativity with Self-actualization because both male and female students acquired the same scores very similar to each other but very little difference due to intensity of correlation which it is moderate among male students and strong among female students. After finding correlations between variables and detecting possible differences among male and female students, something that seems to be very important and vital for next studies attributed to adaptation of statistical outcomes with their visual architectural equivalents, probable stage model creativity, and ontological approaches for the better perception of relationship between quantitative and qualitative data.