مقايسه فني و اقتصادي اثر كارنده‌هاي مختلف با ميزان بذر متغير بر عملكرد كلزا در مغان

Comparison of Technical and Economical Effect of Different Planters using Varied Seed Rates on Canola Yield in Moghan Region

این پژوهش به‌منظور انتخاب مناسب ترین كارنده كلزا، با استفاده از طرح آزمایشی كرت‌های خردشده در قالب بلوك های كامل تصادفی در مغان انجام شد. كرت‌های نواری افقی شامل تراكم بذر در سه سطح 6، 8 و10 كیلوگرم در هكتار و كرت‌های نواری عمودی انواع بذركارها شامل: خطی‌كار همدانی (روش مرسوم)، خطی‌كار آمازن، خطی‌كار گاسپاردو و خطی‌كار اگرمستر در چهار تكرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد خطی‌كار اگرمستر با میانگین 89/45 درصد سبز و خطی‌كارهای آمازن و گاسپاردو با میانگین 83 درصد جوانه‌زنی به‌ترتیب بیشترین وكمترین مقدار را داشتند. خطی‌كار اگرمستر از لحاظ یكنواختی توزیع عمودی و عرضی به‌ترتیب با 72/62 و 84/25 درصد بیشترین مقدار را داشت. از نظر عملكرد دانه و استقرار بذر بین روش های بذركاری اختلاف معنی‌دار 1% وجود داشت. ولی از لحاظ شاخص ارتفاع بوته اختلافی مشاهده نشد. حداكثر عملكرد را خطی‌كار اگرمستر به مقدار 2672 كیلوگرم در هكتار داشته است. مقایسه فنی و اقتصادی بذركارهای مورد استفاده نشان داد اضافه درآمد خالص استفاده از خطی‌كار اگرومستر نسبت به روش مرسوم 4930 هزار ریال در هكتار بوده است.

<strong >Introduction </strong > One of the most important agricultural crops is rape seed oil as its special features can play an important role in the agricultural region. Due to the presence of more than 40% oil and 25% protein in the grain can play an important role in the supply of edible oil. After determining of various factors such as uniformity of planting depth, evenness between shrub, plant height and grain yield concluded that Nordsten drill along the seeding density of 75 cm for mechanized planting is acceptable yield. Afzali nia et al. (1999) in one study aimed to assess the performance of common grain drills in Iran in Zarghan area in Fars Province showed that differences between treatments in terms of seed distribution uniformity factor, plant population per unit area and yield product is not significant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and select the most suitable types of canola planter and variable seed rate planting density and aims to increase the canola cultivated area by the highest yield. <strong >Materials and Methods </strong > Moghan Plain, located in the north areas of Ardebil province, is considered as an important areas of canola planting in Iran. This study was performed in the agricultural research center of Ardabil Province (Moghan) (39°39´N; 48°88´E; 78 m a.s.l.) in Northwest of Iran. To evaluate different planters with varied seed rates on canola yield. The experimental design was carried out in a randomized complete block design with strip splits (varied seed rates 6, 8 and10 kg per hectare and different drills consist of B1: Barzagar Hamadani drill (conventional method) B2: Amazon drill pals teeth harrow, B3: Gaspardo drill pals teeth harrow and B4: Agromaster drill) and four replications. To investigatethe different treatments in the experiment, various parameters such as percent germination, seeding uniformity of width and depth intervals, plant establishment, effective field capacity, fuel consumption rate andgrain yield were measured. <strong >Results and Discussion </strong > The evaluation of results of drill types showed that there was significant difference between the planters type and other performance parameters. Different planters with varied seed rates also had significant effects on germination at 1% probability level and B4 had maximum percentage of seed germination (89.45%). Uniformity of seed distribution was found to be the highest for B4 in vertical distribution uniformity (72.62%) and inter-row uniformity (84.25%). The analysis of variance for two years showed that the grain yield and establishment of seed were significantly affected by year. Result of variance analysis for yield indicated that there was a significant difference between planting machines in 1% of probability level. Therefore, maximum yield in this experiment related to B4 with 2672 kg ha-1. The results of technical and economic comp ration indicate that the added net income of B4, was 4940 thousand Rails per hectare compared to the conventional method. <strong >Conclusions </strong > Results showed that the average of yield of the first year was significantly greater than that of the second year. Results indicated that use of B4 lead to the highest of yield 2672 kg ha-1. But in terms of plant height no significance was found. The results of technical and economic comp ration comparison indicated that the added net income from B4, was 4940 thousand Rails per hectare compared to the conventional method. Therefore, considering many factors, the Agromaster drill tested in this study was found to be the best suited planter and therefore is recommended for canola planting in the region.