اثر كم آبياري بر عملكرد سه رقم گوجه فرنگي در دشت مرودشت

Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Three Tomato Cultivars Yield in Marvdasht Plain

اثر تنش آب آبياري بر ارقام گوجه فرنگي در دشت مرودشت فارس اين آزمايش با سه رقم سوپر اوربانا، سوپر چف،كينگستون، دريكي از مزارع روستاي فتح آباد واقع در شهرستان مرودشت موردبررسي قرار گرفت. آبياري در5 سطح (مديريت زارع ، 60، 80، 100 و 120 درصد آب موردنياز گياه از روش پنمن مانتيث) اعمال شد. عمليات كاشت، داشت و برداشت، به جز آبياري توسط كشاورز و به طور يكسان در تيمارهاي آزمايش انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد اثر تيمارهاي آبياري بر عملكرد محصول معني دار است. تيمارهاي 120 و 60 درصد نياز آبي به ترتيب با 8840 و 4420 مترمكعب در هر هكتار، داراي بيشترين و كمترين مقدار آب مصرفي بودند. بيشترين كار آيي مصرف آب در تيمار 80 درصد نياز آبي و كمترين مقدار آن در تيمار 60 درصد نياز آبي به ترتيب 8/15 و7/10 كيلوگرم به ازاي هر مترمكعب آب در هكتار به دست آمد. بنابراين تيمار نياز آبي 80 درصد به عنوان تيمار برتر پيشنهاد شد.

The effect of water stress on tomato crop in Marvdasht region (Fars province) was investigated as five treatments in three cultivars (Super Urbana, Super Chef, Kingston) in 2014. The experiments were done in a farm in Fathabad country near Marvdasht town and were replicated three times. Irrigation water content treatments were considered in five levels (control, 60, 80, 100 and 120% water requirement). The irrigation water content was calculated by penman-montieth method. The above water requirements were determined considering leaching requirement and 90% irrigation efficiency in drip irrigation systam. Irrigation water was applied using calibrated water flow meters and the treatments were irrigated in four day periods. Planting, maintenance and harvesting operations were the same in all treatment. Planting was done by seeds. The control treatment was managed by the farmer and the plants were irrigated for about 8 hrs every 4 days. Results revealed significantly different yield between three cultivars. The irrigation water had highly significant effect, but the interaction between cultivars and water requirement was not significant. Also the effect of irrigation treatments on crop yield was significant. The highest and the lowest yield was obtained as 73729 kg/ha using 8840 m3/ha and 39551 kg/ha using 4420 m3/ha of water; respectively. These results showed that the water had significant effect on crop yield and the maximum water use efficiency was estimated as 8.5 in 80% water requirement treatment and the minimum was calculated as 7.1 kg/m3 for that of 60% water requirement treatment. So 80% water treatment is recommended.