ويژگي‌هاي «كانون نسخه‌پردازي متون آموزشي فارسي در چين»؛ طرح مقدماتي

The Characteristics of the Centre for transcription of the Persian educational Texts in China

زبان فارسي در آموزش ديني مسلمانان چين كه به‌ نام «آموزش مسجدي» شناخته مي­شود، از جايگاه ويژه­ اي برخودار است. قوم «هوي ­هوي» يكي از اقوام مسلمان چين و در­حا ل­حاضر از مهم­ترين اقليت ­هاي قومي آن كشور محسوب مي­ شوند. از قرن دهم هجري به­ بعد به دليل شرايط خاص حاكم بر منطقه، اقليت مسلمان «هوي‌هوي» در چين ارتباط تاريخي و فرهنگي خود را با سرزمين­ هاي اسلامي از‌ دست دادند و از­اين­رو ناگزير شدند به­ عنوان يك جامعه‌ي اقليت ديني، مواد آموزشي ديني خود را توليد نموده تا بتوانند سنت­ هاي اسلامي را به فرزندان خود منتقل نمايند. از اين دوره به ­بعد مساجد چين به مراكز آموزش ديني تبديل شد و متون آموزشي اسلامي توسط علماي مسلمان چيني به دو زبان عربي و فارسي توليد و در اختيار طلاب علوم ديني قرار گرفت. اين نوع از آموزش ديني در جامعه «هوي­ هوي» مشهور به «آموزش مسجدي» است. آموزش مسجدي از نيمه ­ي اول قرن دهم هجري تاكنون ادامه يافته است. هم ­اكنون نسخه­هاي خطي بي­شماري در مساجد و مراكز آرشيوي چين موجود است كه حاصل چند قرن آموزش ديني در اين كشور است. سبك نوشتاري و آرايه­ اي اين نسخه­ هاي خطي به ­تدريج تحت­ تأثير سنت ­هاي نوشتاري چيني قرار گرفت؛ تا­آنجا­كه از لحاظ شكل، كاربرد، خط و آرايه داراي ويژگي­ هاي منحصر­به­ فردي شد. تعدد نسخه­ هاي خطي فارسي كتابت­ شده در چين و در مساجد اسلامي آن و اختصاصات آرايه­ اي و خط و كتابت آن­ها به ­گونه ­اي است كه مي­توان از آن به­عنوان «كانون نسخه ­پردازي متون آموزشي فارسي در چين» ياد كرد.

Persian language has a special place in the religious education of Muslim Muslims, known as "mosque training" and found a special place as the religious language of "Hui Hui" people, the most important recognized Chinese Muslim people. The Muslim community of "Hui Hui" was not able to make contact with other Muslim societies from the 10th century AH onwards as a result of internal political developments in China as well as major changes in the political geography of the Islamic world, especially in the Transoxiana. Therefore, it inevitably sought to meet its basic religious needs as a self-sufficient community among other Chinese minorities and produced books and teaching materials in order to maintain Islamic traditions. During this period, many Islamic texts in Arabic and Persian were rewritten and copied in religious schools of "Hui Hui" by Chinese Muslim clergymen. Most copies written in China had educational purposes and were used for teaching religious sciences in mosques. The religious education of the Muslim Hui Hui community is known as "mosque teaching" and is related to the naturalization period of "Hui Hui" people. This period started in the first half of the 10th century AH with the formation and development of "Mosque teaching" in Muslim communities in China and its different states and continued, more or less, until the present era. With the expansion of "mosque teaching" centers to the Muslim areas of China, of Chinese Muslims underwent major changes influenced by local traditions, and religious texts written in China gradually possessed specific characteristics in terms of "form", "function", "script", and "decoration." The characteristics of the copies written in China and their high quantity are such that they can be referred to as "the center for copying Persian educational texts in China." This paper aims to study the most important features of "the center for transcription of the Persian educational texts in China" as a historical issue and a preliminary plan using some manuscripts available in China and other research centers.