كليدواژه :
لنينيسم , ماركسيسم , قوم گرايي , قوميت , مساله ملي
چكيده فارسي :
قوميت‌گرايي از پديده‌هاي سياسي عصر جديد است كه پس از فروپاشي شوروي و روند شتاب‌زده‌ي جهاني‌شدن و ظهور گفتارهاي پست‌مدرن، ابعاد وسيعي يافته است. قوميت‌گرايي در گذشته به‌صورت يك گفتمان حاشيه‌اي، فاقد مباني فكري اصيل و تاريخي بود و همواره سوار بر ايديولوژي‌هاي سياسي ديگر به ميدان سياست مي‌آمد.
اين پديده ابتدا براساس گفتارهاي چپ ماركسيستي و به تقليد از تيوري‌هاي لنين، رواج پيدا كرد. حزب كمونيست ايران در اواسط دهه‌ي 1920 ميلادي نخستين بار به اين مساله توجه كرد. سپس احزاب توده، فرقه دموكرات آذربايجان و كردستان و ساير سازمانهاي چپ‌گرا تا بهمن 1358 زمينه‌هاي نظري متنوعي را در اين حيطه باب كردند. اين تحقيق مي‌كوشد تا ريشه‌هاي فكري قوميت‌گرايي را در بسترهاي فكري اوليه آن، يعني بستر ماركسيسم ـ لنينيسم، موشكافي كرده و نشان دهد كه گفتمان قوميت در ايران تا اندازه زيادي متاثر از گفتارهاي چپ است.
روش تحقيقِ اين مقاله توصيفي ـ تحليلي و ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات، مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي است. مفروض اصلي اين مقاله بر اين گزاره مبتني است كه گفتمان قوميت، ميراث‌دار بخشي از گفتمان ماركسيسم ـ لنينسم است كه با عنوان «مساله ملي» در ادبيات سياسي چپ مطرح و اين ميراث به واسطه‌ي احزاب و سازمانهاي چپ به اين جريان فكري ـ سياسي منتقل شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Ethnicity is one of the trends of the new era which some paradigms, e.g., globe after Soviet fall, globalization, and rise of the Postmodern discourses, has caused its spread through the globe in these years. Ethnicity, in countries with a long history or colonized countries, had not existed or had been a marginal issue. However, during Soviet era, it came to the political scene as a hone and supporter of the political ideologies. As one of the main trends in 20th century, ethnicity has been defined as the "National Question" under "Marxist-Leninist" paradigm which is explored in this paper. As a consequence of Soviet impact on Iran, ethnicity came to Iran, at first, as a complement of the left-Marxist discourses as well as Lenin theories. The "Communist Party of Iran" used this idea in the 1920ʹs. Afterward, other parties, e.g., the "Tudeh Party of Iran" and other leftist parties in Iran used that as the means of their political ends, causing violence and insecurity until 1980ʹs.
This paper tries to analysis the Ethnocentrism regarding its basic causes, which mainly is Marxism-Leninism, and shows that Ethnocentrism in Iran is highly influenced by leftist-Marxists discourses.
The Research Methodology in this paper is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is based literature review. The main presumption of this paper is that the ethnicity is a part of Marxism-Leninism discourse whereas has been stated as the "National Question" in Left political context. consequently, The leftist parties and organizations used the ethnicity as a political-ideological tool
