خرد و رهبري در سازمان

Wisdom and Leadership in Organization

از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، رﻫﺒﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮد درك ﺷﺪه ارﺗﺒﺎط دارد. رﻫﺒﺮان ﭘﯿﺮواﻧﺸﺎن را از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ دﯾﺪﺷﺎن ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﻮب ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯿﺸﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ دﯾﺪي ﺟﺬب ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. اﻓﺮاد ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ دارﻧﺪ از ﮐﺴﯽ ﭘﯿﺮوي ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ دﯾﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ زندگي خوب دارد، كسي كه با رفتارش زندگي خوبي دارد و همدلي زيادي براي انسان هاي هم نوعش دارد و اشتياق وافري به دنيايي كه معتقد است مردم مي توانند ايجاد كنند دارد. خرد و رهبري براي افزايش كيفيت زندگي افراد و پيشرفت فرهنگي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺮد رﻫﺒﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن رﻫﺒﺮي ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺎ را از اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﺮدي ﺑ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻋﻤﻮم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ دﻫﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺧﺮد ﯾﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم اﻋﻤﺎل ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪاﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻗﺘﺪار ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دارﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ در ﻧﻘﺶ رﻫﺒﺮي آﮔﺎه ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت ﺧﺮدﻣﻨﺪاﻧﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه رﻫﺒﺮي را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ و ازاﯾﻦ ر ﻗﺪرت را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺪرت، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه و درنتيجه ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ رﻫﺒﺮي، ﻗﺪرت و ﺧﺮد ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي اﯾﺠﺎد شده به منظور توسعه خرد براي افراد داشته باشد. اين مقاله با مطالعه ادبيات اين حوزه و با روش كتابخانه اي به بررسي نقش ﺧﺮد در رﻫﺒﺮي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ در ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺮد ﺑﺮاي رﻫﺒﺮي، ﺧﺮد ﺑﻪ رﻫﺒﺮان اﻣﮑﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ و در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺮوز دﻫﻨﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﺑﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺮد را ﯾﮏ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ درون ﻓﺮدي ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﺧﺮد ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي رﻫﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ رﻫﺒﺮي برجسته اي داشته باشند.

Historically, leadership is usually associated with perceived wisdom. Leaders attract their followers through their approaches to good life and their abilities to apply their approaches. Individuals tend to follow a person who has a certain attitude to good life; a person who lives a good life within good behavior; a person who has a great amount of empathy for his fellow humans, with a lot of enthusiasm about a world that can be formed by people. Wisdom and leadership are important for increasing individuals' life quality, and for cultural advancement in the society. Examination of leadership wisdom can assist discussions over leadership, shifting our attention from increasing individual benefits to common good. Use of wisdom or doing wise actions is only for those who have power and control, or those who play the role of a conscious leader. On the other hand, making wise decisions increases the safety of the position of leadership. Hence, it increases power. With more opportunities for application of power, there will be chances for learning from experiences, leading to greater capacities for usage of wisdom. The relationship between leadership, power, and wisdom may result in consequences for opportunities to develop wisdom in individuals. The present paper, by studying this field's literature and using a library method, examines the role of wisdom in organizational leadership. Generally, it can be stated that if we use wisdom or leadership, it will allow leaders to maximize their effectiveness and do ethical acts in organizations. Hence, for scholars who define wisdom as an intra-personal feature, wisdom is one of the most important features in leaders who want to experience extraordinary leadership.