تأثير بانكداري الكترونيك بر تخصيص تسهيلات اعطايي شبكه بانكي كشور مطالعه تطبيقي ميان بانك‌هاي دولتي و غيردولتي

The Effect of Electronic Banking on Resource Allocation of Loan in Iran’s Banking System: A Comparison between Public and Private Banks

گسترش بانكداري الكترونيك به عنوان يكي از كاربردهاي فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات، صنعت بانكداري كشور را در سال‌هاي اخير به تكاپو وادار كرده است. در اين پژوهش تأثير اقدامات انجام‌شده از جانب بانك‌هاي دولتي و غير‌دولتي براي توسعه بانكداري الكترونيك بر تخصيص منابع در قالب يك الگوي اقتصادسنجي بررسي شده است. نتايج تجربي نشان مي‌دهند كه افزايش تعداد پايانه شعب و سوئيفت در بانك‌هاي غيردولتي و افزايش تعداد پايانه‌هاي شعب و تعداد دستگاه‌هاي خودپرداز در بانك‌هاي دولتي تأثير مثبتي بر تخصيص منابع (تسهيلات اعطايي) داشته است.

Development of electronic banking, as one of applications of information and communication technology in money and banking markets in developed countries, has made our banking industry to apply this innovation in recent years. This should affect bank performance in which the most important duty of every bank is resource allocation in form of supplying various loans. In this research, we have tried to specify an econometric model to evaluate the effectiveness of actions issued by private and state banks in the allocation of resources for the development of electronic banking. The resource allocation which is proxied by the loan supply is defined as a dependent variable and bank size and three Macro economic variables (inflation, GDP and interest rate) and three indexes (SWIFT, the number of terminal branches, and the number of ATM) are defined as the independent variables. The model has been estimated using panel data of six public banks (Melli, Saderat, Mellat, Refah and and Sepah, Sanat–va-Madan) and 4 non-public banks (Eghtesad-e- Novin, Karafarin, Parsian and Saman) over the period 2001-2009. The estimate method has been based on Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. The empirical results show that the electronic banking in form of increasing the number of terminal branches and SWIFT in non-public banking have affected positively and significantly their resource allocation, while increasing the number of terminal branches and the number of ATM, as the proxies for e-banking, have been significantly in explaining positively the public banks’ resource allocation.