ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺒﯿﺎء؛ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ

Typology of insulting the prophets; A Research in the Holy Quran

در ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﺮﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮان و ﺗﻼش آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻗﻮاﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﮑﺮر ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب آﺳﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﭘﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار، ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد اﻗﻮام اﻧﺒﯿﺎء ﺑﺎ اﯾﺸﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ از اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺒﯿﺎء و ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎدﮔﺎن اﻟﻬﯽ ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ آﯾﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺒﯿﺎء اﻟﻬﯽ در اﻣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ اي ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﻫﯿﭻ رﺳﻮل و ﻧﺒﯽ اي از اﯾﻦ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﺎﯾﺴﺖ ﻗﻮم ﺧﻮد آﺳﻮده ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در روﺷﻦ ﮐﺮدن اﯾﻦ روش ﻫﺎي دﺷﻤﻨﯽ و ﺷﯿﻮ ه ﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، از ﻣﯿﺎن اﻧﻮاع اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد زﯾﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد: ﺗﻤﺴﺨﺮ و اﺳﺘﻬﺰاء، دروغ ﮔﻮ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن، ﺗﮑﺬﯾﺐ و اﻓﺘﺮاء، ﺳﺎﺣﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﺳﺤﺮ زده ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن، ﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﮐﺮدن اﻧﺒﯿﺎء ﺑﻪ رذاﯾﻞ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﻋﯿﻮب. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن از آن دارد ﮐﻪ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن اﻧﺒﯿﺎء ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ دﻋﻮت اﯾﺸﺎن، از روش ﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮاﺳﺘﺪﻻﻟﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺰارش ﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ و ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﺳﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﻦ اﻫﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي دشمنان اولياء الهي را بازشناسي و زمينه طراحي‌ شيوه‌ هاي مواجهه با آن را فراهم آورد.

In the Holy Quran, mentioned repeatedly, stories of prophets and their efforts to lead the people who had been sent to. This scripture shows that, the behavior people with prophets and messengers of God who had sent to them were not without insulting. The verses of the Holy Quran show that insulting the prophets of God and the infallibles were a common sin in the former nations; and it can be said that no messenger and prophet of God had dismissed this conduct from his people. Among the various types of insult, the most insult belongs to the following: scoffing and mockery, lie sticker, denying and denial, witchcraft or magic naming, accusing prophets to ethical vices and sins. This indicates that the enemies of the Prophets used non-discursive methods. For this purpose, the typology of offenses and insulting the prophets, which reported in the Holy Qur'an can be useful to clarify the methods and techniques for dealing with them and it is necessary for us to know these methods and techniques to prepare ourselves to answer and deal with them. The present article by re-counting, reviewed and categorized reports in the Quran about this, and by refers to the most famous interpretations of the Quran from Shia and Sunni traditions trying to find methods of enemies and provide methods of confronting them.