نگرش ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺎت ﮔﻮﯾﺸﯽ در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻔﺎوت زﺑﺎﻧﯽ، ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮدن و ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪي

Attitudes of Tabrizi Citizens towards Dialectal Variation across East Azerbaijan Province with Focus on Linguistic Difference, correctness and Pleasantness

ﻧﮕﺮش زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺣﺴﺎس و ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮد از زﺑﺎن ﺧﻮد ﯾﺎ دﯾﮕﺮي اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻫﻮﯾﺖ و ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي زﺑﺎن ﺳﺮوﮐﺎر دارد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎسِ ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ »ﺗﻔﺎوت ﮔﻮﯾﺸﯽ«، »ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮدن« )اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ( و »ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪي«، ﻧﮕﺮش ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ در ﺧﺼﻮص ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺎت ﮔﻮﯾﺸﯽ زﺑﺎن ﺗﺮﮐﯽ آذري در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﮥ اﺳﺘﺎن در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر 384 ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪ آذريزﺑﺎن ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮد را درﺑﺎرة ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻔﺎوت ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﺪدي 1 ﺗﺎ 4، و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮدن و ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ راﯾﺞ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﺪدي 1 ﺗﺎ 7 اﻋﻼم ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻣﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺻﻞ ﻫﻤﺠﻮاري در ﻧﮕﺮش ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﮔﻮﯾﺸﯽ ﺻﺪق ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ، زﯾﺮا از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻧﺎن، ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي راﯾﺞ در ﺷﺶ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺠﻮار ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت را ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﮥ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ دارﻧﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، اﻏﻠﺐ آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽ ﻫﺎ، ﮔﻮﻧﮥ راﯾﺞ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ را ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺮ و ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪﺗﺮ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ داﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪﺟﺰ دو اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ و ﺑﻨﺎب- در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن، ﻣﯿﺎن دو ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮدن و ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪي، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺮوه زﻧﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدان، ﮔﻮﻧﮥ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ را ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻨﯽ 26-45 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﻏﯿﺮﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﻮﺷﺎﯾﻨﺪي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺿﻤﻦ اراﺋﮥ دﺳﺘﺎوردﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮي در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ زﺑﺎن و ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي در ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﺪاوﺳﯿﻤﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ آﻣﻮزش زﺑﺎن ﺗﺮﮐﯽ آذري ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Linguistic attitude, i.e. any type of feeling or sensation of an individual towards his or her own language and that of others, involves concepts such as culture, identity, and mechanisms such as language planning. In this study, considering the three parameters of linguistic difference, correctness, and pleasantness, the attitudes of Tabrizi citizens towards dialectal variation across East Azerbaijan province were evaluated. A researcher-made questionnaire with three maps of the province was presented to 384 citizens of Tabriz who speak Azeri Turkish as their first language. The participants marked their opinion towards linguistic differences with Tabrizi accent in a scale from 1 to 4. The correctness and pleasantness parameters were evaluated in a scale from 1 to 7. The statistical data shows that the proximity principle is a valid parameter, as the least differences with Tabrizi dialect were recorded in six adjacent cities. Secondly, most participants considered Tabrizi dialect as the most correct and most pleasant variety across the province. With the two exceptions of Meraghe and Bonab, other counties showed a positive correlation between correctness and pleasantness parameters. The group of females ranked Tabrizi higher in terms of correctness and pleasantness. The age group 26-45 recognized more difference between Tabrizi accent and those of other counties. The non-educated group showed more significant attention towards the pleasantness parameter. In addition to theoretical achievements in sociolinguistics and dialectology, the findings of the present study could support language planning projects and decision making in institutions such as local IRIB as well as centers for teaching Azeri Turkish.