سياستگذاري محيط ‌زيست در ايران: چالش‌ها و راه‌حل‌ها

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN IRAN

در اين نوشتار، نخست مدل­هاي سنتي (مرحله­اي) و حرفه­اي سياستگذاري عمومي براي بررسي جامع علل و پيامدهاي اقتصادي، اجتماعي و سياسي مسائل محيط زيستي، نقش نهادهاي دولتي از جمله نهادهاي مسئول اجراي قوانين حفظ محيط زيست، و نقش شهروندان در حل مشكلات محيط زيستي معرفي مي‌شود. سپس، مباحث مربوط به سياست­هاي توسعۀ پايدار، بهبود شرايط زندگي عمومي و مهم‌ترين چالش­ها و تهديدهاي محيط زيستي ايران مطرح مي‌شود. در ادامه، به سياستگذاران در كشور پيشنهاد مي­شود تا در تلاش براي يافتن راه‌حل­هاي سياسي و حقوقي مؤثر براي فوري­ترين مسائل محيط زيستي به رابطۀ مهم عدالت محيط زيستي و توسعۀ پايدار، و نيز تأثير مشاركت مردمي بر افزايش شانس موفقيت در اجراي سياست­هاي انتخاب‌شده توجه­ ويژه داشته باشند.

Since 1970s even while the central government has increased the number of rules and regulations protecting the fragile environment in Iran, the severity of long-term environmental policy challenges, such as air pollution in large cities and water scarcity has increased with an adverse impact on sustainability, welfare and overall quality of life of citizens. In this paper, first, traditional "stagist" model and professional model of policy-making for a holistic analysis of the socio-economic and political causes of environmental problems, the role of governmental organizations including those responsible for monitoring the implementation of environmental protection laws, and the role of citizens in solving environmental issues will be discussed. The authors then focus on the policies of other countries aimed at sustainable development, welfare improvement and confronting environmental challenges. In the end, they offer policy recommendations to Iran's policymakers who are advised to pay special attention to the relationship between environmental justice and sustainable development in their search for political and legal solutions for Iran's immediate environmental problems.