مطابقت وجودي ذهن و عين در معرفت‌شناسي ملاصدرا

Existential Conformity of the Object and Subject in Mulla Sadra's View

مطابقت ذهن و عين از مباحث اصلي معرفت‌شناسي است. فلاسفه با واسطه قرار دادن ماهيت بين ذهن و عين و به‌واسطه تطابق ماهوي سعي كرده‌اند مسئله مطابقت در شناخت را حل نمايند؛ اما نظريه تطابق ماهوي ايراداتي با خود به‌همراه دارد كه درنهايت نتوانسته پاسخ‌گوي مسئله مطابقت باشد. در مقابل آنچه مي‌تواند با اصول فلسفي و معرفت‌شناختي ملاصدرا هماهنگ باشد، نظريه اين‌هماني وجود عيني است كه انطباق را به واقعيت علم ارجاع مي‌دهد كه ناشي از نفي ماهوي بودن علم و اخراج علم. از مقولات ماهوي است.

Mulla Sadra believes there are effective interactions between reason and ethics which have different funnctions. The source of human acts is practical reason which provoks the soul to use its practical facaulties for doing the particular acts. This matter depends on the ideas and beliefs which are apeared in the dimension of pure reason . by understanding the particular goodness and evil in practical reason dimension the acts have been chosen and issued as a virtue. According to the level of perception، the soul originates the specific acts. As the soul has various perceptions including sensual، imaginary and rational، accordingly، the acts and their proper virues will be issued. He holds that by rising the reason، two important attributes that is، justice and freedom will be manifested for the soul which transcends the soul facaulties and by managing the corporeal passions، the soul comes to be free from all chains. The justice and liberty originates all human virtues. At this research، the relationship between pure and practical reason and moral behaviors has been analyzed and shown that there are mutual nexus between the immateriality of the perceptions and ethics.