بررسي نگره نسبت دادن قياس به ابن جنيد

The Causes of Questioning Analogy by Precedent Jurisprudents: A Case study of Ibn Jonayd

ابن­ جنيد كه نام او در برخي منابع در كنار ابن ابي­ عقيل با عنوان قدما آمده، يكي از فقيهاني است كه گرچه آثار او به دست ما نرسيده، اما توسط متقدمان و متأخران به اعتقاد به قياس متّصف شده است. گزارش ­هاي متأخران نيز بر اساس همان نقل‌هاي رايج متقدمان است. حال آنكه همگان او را از اجلّاي فقيهان اماميه دانسته­ اند. يكي از فقيهاني كه در عصر حاضر تلاش نموده تا رفتار وي را بررسي نمايد، آيت الله سيستاني است. نگارندگان با محور قرار دادن آثار ايشان و با جستجو در كتبي مانند رجال كشّي كه دربردارنده جريان‌شناسي اصحاب امامان و روش‌هاي استنباط ميان آن ­هاست كوشيده­ اند تا ضمن معنا كردن قياس، از جزميت اين نسبت به ابن­ جنيد بكاهند و مواردي­ كه موجب توهم قياس مي‌شود را بيان نمايند. نتيجه آنكه به هيچ­ رو نمي‌توان او را به‌طور قطع عمل ­كننده به قياس به­ معناي امروزي آن دانست و اين نگره به شدت قابل تشكيك است.

Ibn Jonayd, whose name is mentioned alongside the name of Ibn Aqil as Qadimayn in some references, is among the jurisprudents attributed to believe in analogy by some precedent and recent scholars, albeit no works of him has been at hand till now. The recent thinkers’ reports are made based on the ones they have received from the common quotations presented by the precedents. However, all of them know him as one of the most outstanding jurisprudents of Imamiyeh. Ayatollah Sistani is one of the contemporary jurisprudents who have investigated his conduct. By orienting his works, the authors of the present paper have investigated some books such as Kashhi’s Rijal which contains the trend of Imams’ companions and the methodology of deduction given by them. Attempting to define analogy, the authors have tried their best to subtilize such an attribution and to clarify the instances which lead to the misconception of analogy. It is concluded that Ibn Jonayd could not have been a jurisprudent practicing analogy as is perceived today and such a conception is vigorously skeptic.